The Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMet) has issued a public health advisory warning that several northern states in Nigeria face a heightened risk of cerebrospinal meningitis (CSM) as dry season conditions intensify across parts of the country.
In a notice posted on its X handle, the agency explained that cerebrospinal meningitis is a serious infection that affects the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. The disease is commonly caused by the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis.
NiMet noted that the disease spreads through respiratory droplets, particularly in crowded or poorly ventilated environments.
The agency identified Sokoto State, Zamfara State, Kebbi State, Katsina State, Kano State, Jigawa State, Adamawa State, Gombe State, Bauchi State, Yobe State, and Borno State as high-risk areas for the disease.
Residents in the central part of the country were advised to remain vigilant and promptly report suspected symptoms. Meanwhile, Plateau State, Oyo State, Cross River State, Edo State, Ekiti State, and Enugu State were categorised as low-vigilance areas.
“Stay informed. Follow public health guidance and participate in community awareness campaigns,” the agency said.
NiMet stressed that although the disease can progress rapidly and become life-threatening within hours if left untreated, early diagnosis and prompt antibiotic treatment can significantly improve survival and reduce complications.
The agency identified children and young adults, people living in overcrowded environments, individuals exposed to dry and dusty conditions, and those with weakened immune systems as the most vulnerable groups.
According to NiMet, symptoms to watch for include sudden high fever, severe headache, neck stiffness, nausea or vomiting, and sensitivity to light.
It urged residents to adopt preventive measures such as vaccination, regular handwashing, avoiding the sharing of personal items like cups or utensils, and ensuring proper ventilation in homes, schools, and public places.
Nigeria has experienced recurring meningitis outbreaks over the years, particularly in northern states located within Africa’s “meningitis belt.” These outbreaks typically occur during the dry season when hot, dusty weather and overcrowding increase the risk of transmission.
In April 2025, Nigeria received more than one million doses of meningococcal conjugate vaccines to combat an outbreak that had already recorded over 800 cases and more than 70 deaths across several states. The vaccination campaign targeted people aged one to 29, the group most affected by the disease.
Health authorities say sustained vaccination campaigns, improved disease surveillance, and early medical treatment remain essential to preventing fatalities and containing future outbreaks.
